UI-Venus-2: an open-source foundation GUI agent for mobile, web, and desktop

UI-Venus-2 (arXiv 2609.00028, Wed 2 Sep digest, 31 authors under the Venus Team banner) is a general-purpose, open-source foundation GUI agent spanning mobile, web, and desktop through a unified closed-loop reasoning-action framework. It scales three axes jointly: environments (170+ multilingual mobile apps plus native desktop operating systems), tasks (a deep-research pipeline generating function-grounded instructions), and verification (trace-level and sample-level evaluators combining visual keypoints and multi-model voting, to make RL training signals reliable). It adds safety-aware mechanisms around consequential actions and is positioned as an open foundation for more generalizable, verifiable, self-reflective agents.

Computer-use agents live or die on the reliability of their RL signal, and the hardest part is verifiable reward at trajectory level. This release bundles environment, task generation, and a two-level verifier design in one open package — a reference point for anyone building self-hosted GUI agents, and the most complete open recipe in the computer-use direction since the category became a focus area.